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RED ROCK ENERGY Solar Power Heliostat Arrays.

* theenergydude's Community Call Gary Carmichael, The Energy Dude, will be interviewed me about solar trackers. We discussed solar tracking advantages and disadvantages for a number of applications. He asked me about my life, times, and interests, it was great fun. He interviewed me on Saturday 2009/03/21 01:00 PM EDT http://www.talkshoe.com/tc/40649

* LED3X Solar Tracker A simple, accurate, low cost, single axis electronic solar tracker based on using green LEDs as photovoltaic light sensors.

I want to use these web pages as a forum for:

1. The interchange of ideas related to the production of natural energy.
2. Heliostat (mirror) based concentrator solar collectors.
3. Solar trackers.
4. Electric vehicles (battery powered).
5. Pneumatic vehicles (compressed air powered).
6. Hybrid vehicles.
7. Neat patents.

Search the Redrok Website Search the World Wide Web

definitions
SOLAR DEFINITIONS:

HELIOSTAT or CENTRAL RECEIVER SYSTEM:

1. A heliostat is a two axis solar tracking mirror that reflects sunlight onto a fixed receiver.

2. Furthermore, the geometry between the Sun, Mirror, and Receiver are constantly changing throughout the day. (There is a special case, the coelostats, where light is sent along the polar axis and where the geometry is approximately fixed throughout the day. See the Scheffler Reflector.)

3. In general the mirror is aimed normal to the bisector between the sun and receiver.

Many mistakenly call "Direct Solar Trackers", such as Dishes, Troughs, and Lenses heliostats. They are not. Generally, these things are aimed directly at the Sun which violates #2 above.

Archimedes in ancient Syracuse.

mechanical
Early Mechanical Heliostats and Coelostats
Ok, and some modern ones for illustration.
heliostats
Heliostats, generally, reflect light onto a stationary target.
They cover a range of devices such as Coelostats and Siderostats.
However, we usually consider heliostats as having 1 mirror with coelstats having 2 or more mirrors.

Cloesen1	Faucault1	Faucault2	Faucault3	Schmidt1
Silbermann1	Silbermann2	Silbermann3	Silbermann4	Silbermann6	Silbermann7 Parts missing
Silbermann9	Silbermann10	Silbermann11	Silbermann12	Silbermann13	Duboscq1 Silbermann	Browning1 Silbermann
Gambey1	Gambey2	Gambey3	Tubingen1 Gambey	Harvey1 Gambey

coelostattype1
Type 1 coelostat:
1. Rotate the main mirror once in 24 hours around the polar axis directly in Right Ascension.
2. The main mirror has a seasonal "Tilt" in DEClination to reflect the sunlight along the polar axis.
3. The secondary mirror, if used, reflects light in any desired direction away from the polar axis.

Brashear1 Coelostat Type 1

Brashear2 Coelostat Type 1

Ives1 Coelostat Type 1

Kohl1 Coelostat Type 1 Parts missing

Ritchie1 Coelostat Type 1

Transylvania1 Coelostat Type 1

coelostattype2
Type 2 coelostat:
1. Rotate the main mirror once in 48 hours around the polar axis in Right Ascension.
2. The main mirror in not tilted at all. The plane of the mirror is parallel with the polar axis. Sunlight is reflected away from the polar axis at an angle equal to the suns seasonal DEClination.
3. The secondary mirror is positioned to reflect light in any desired direction. This mirror has a seasonal positional movement as well as a seasonal tilt. (Note! The diagram says the secondary is fixed but it isn't. Either the main or secondary mirror mount must be moved to adjust the geometry seasonally.)

Coelostat2 Coelostat Type 2 Horizontal output

Coelostatmg18 Coelostat Type 2 Vertical output

Baidu1 Coelostat Type 2 Horizontal output

Coelostatnsosp2 Coelostat Type 2

Astropalma1 Coelostat Type 2

Sirius1 Coelostat Type 2

coelostattype3
Type 3 coelostat:
1. The Type 3 Coelostat has the main and secondary mirrors are set to exactly 45 degrees.
2. Rotate the main mirror once in 24 hours around the polar axis directly in Right Ascension. Note! This sends the light directly along the polar axis.
3. The secondary mirror has a seasonal "Rotate" in DEClination to reflect the sunlight along the polar axis.
4. The tertiary mirror, if used, reflects light in any desired direction away from the polar axis.

helliostatcoelostatmay1 Coelostat Type 3

heliostatcoelostatsonnen1 Coelostat Type 3

National Solar Thermal Test Facility. (T Pole Design)
Solar II Central Receiver. (T Pole Design)
practicalsolar
Practical Solar, Inc. (T Pole Design)
clfr

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) (CLFR Design)
The University of Sydney School of Physics
This is the new kid on the block.
An interesting variation of a heliostat using linear movable mirror strips. This concept only tracks in one axis. In this case I believe it satisfies the definition of a heliostat because the second axis movement is not required. Movement of the image does occur along the line of the stationary receiver.
A truly new and unique design. This has the potential to make large heliostat systems truly cost effective. The design is highly scalable. In other words as the size goes up the component cost to power ratio, $/W, actually goes down.
T Pole heliostat costs go up as size increases mainly due to exponentially increasing bending moments in high winds.

The "Compact" part of the CLFR, of which they got their patent, stems from the method they use to aim the mirrors at one of two receivers at different times of the day.
hdsolar
HelioDynamics (LFR) Design
"LFR", Linear Fresnel Reflector, instead of CLFR because each mirror always aims at a single line receiver.
hinge
Hinge (Hinge design)
receiveraxis
Receiver Axis (Receiver Axis design)
HeliotrackSolar Heliostat: A device capable of reflecting sunshine to a stationary target throughout the day.(Receiver Axis Design)

dish
DISH:
A dish is a two axis solar tracking mirror that reflects sunlight onto a receiver, generally circular shaped, that is in alignment with the sun and the central axis of the mirror.
 Sandia Dish

trough
TROUGH:
A trough is a solar tracking mirror, either one or two axes, that generally reflects sunlight onto a linear receiver that is perpendicular to and is in alignment with the sun and the central axis of the linear parabolic mirror. A variation is the use of linear lens elements.
troughns
 Sandia North-South Axis Trough
troughpolar
 Polar Axis Trough

furnace
SOLAR FURNACE:
One version of a solar furnace is the combination of a heliostat and a fixed dish.
Sandia Solar Furnace. (T Pole Design)

concepts
Heliostat design concepts 960301.
Absorptivity  Black Crystal  Chemistry  Complaint  Concepts  Costs  Cover  Efficiency  Emissivity  Fridge  Future  Greenhouse  Heliostat  Light Measurements  Lighting  Lumens  NREL  Phase Change Materials  Power  Radiometric & Photometric Terms  Reflectivity  Solar Spectrum  Solec  Stasis  Storage  Thermal Connection.  Thermal Properties of Materials.

up970331
Update of Heliostat arrays 970331.
Arrays  Computer  Costs  Description  Divergence  Front  Furnace  Lighting  Neat  Odeillo  Plan  Side.

up980301
Update of Heliostat arrays 980301.
1997  Axis  Bridge  Challenge  Computer  Converters  Costs  Cover  Deflandre  Diodes  Dish  Efficiency  Engine  Fresnel  Heliostat  Hinge  Horizontal  Richard J. Komp, Ph.D.  Mylar  Polar  PV  Sayre  Size  Software  Thermal  TPole  Tracker  Trough.

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	wells * "David N. Wells" <laseraxe@erols.com> * The Northside Company. * Davids concentrator is similar to the Russell patent# US4148564. This is a Power Point slide presentation. * The same thing in HTML.
	moshier * Astronomy and numerical software source codes by * "Stephen L. Moshier" <steve@moshier.net> * aa-56.zip Self contained Ephemeris Calculator. This is a neat program that can be run as a subroutine. Its written in C.
	burnett * Keith has written codes for the Position of the Sun. They're based on page C24 of the 1996 Astronomical Almanac. He presents it in the forms of Formulas, QBasic ( works with Power Basic ), and Excel 97 Spreadsheet. * "Keith Burnett" <kburnett@btinternet.com>
	analemma * The Analemma Key to astronomical and solar tracking mathematics. * Red Rock Analemma Page A bunch of links to solar astronomical info.
	borealis * Borealis Power Technology They hold patents on an exciting now type of electric power generation technology called Power Chips. They operate on the electron thermionic emmmision principal. See: * Borealis on my patent page.
	pfts * Power From The Sun A very nice solar book on the net.
	mike * Solar Mike's Photovoltaic web page. I'm still alive but my personal website isn't. It took a lot of time to maintain and I've taken a job with Array Technologies, Inc. I did pick up the URL http://www.solarmike.com but have not done anything with it. Any specific questions...drop me an email "Solar Mike, Michael Reed, Sales Manager" <mreed@wattsun.com> Array Technologies, Inc. 3312 Stanford NE Albuquerque, NM 87107, USA PH: 505-881-7567 FX: 505-881-7572 URL: www.wattsun.com
	mrsolar * Mr. Solar. Your contact point for information, products and services about every aspect of solar, wind & water power.
	sspence * "Steve Spence" <sspence@green-trust.org> * green-trust.org Steves website has a wealth of alternative energy topics.
	led3 redrok tracker * Red Rock Energy I make a simple, low cost, single axis electronic solar tracker based on using green LEDs as light sensors.
	dew * Dew Point, dew.exe I have a useful program for calculating and converting between Dew Point, Relative Humidity, and Ambient Temperature. Click on this line to download the program.
parabola	amsi * Drawing a parabola with a T square.
	focallength Parabolic Focal Length Calculations The focal length and image size of a parabola can be calculated with some simple measurements. Measure the Radius distance of the parabola from the rim to the central axis and Depth of the dish. R = Radius D = Depth FL = Focal Length S° = Solar diameter in degrees of arc. About 0.5° I = Ideal Image Size formed by a perfect parabola. Example: The Radius of a 10' satellite dish in inches = 60" Depth = 21" R^2 / (D * 4) = FL 60"^2 / (21" * 4) = 42.9" Focal Length TAN(S° / 2) * 2 * FL = I TAN(0.5° / 2) * 2 * 42.9" = 0.37" in diameter Of course a real 10' satellite dish is not nearly that perfect. They have a focal zone diameter of about 3". The rule of thumb is the Ideal Image diameter of the Sun is about 1% of the Focal Length.
	demartile * "Rich DeMartile" <rich_demartile@prodigy.net> was kind enough to provide some CAD drawings on a method of producing a parabola. Thanks Rich. * Rich also has posted a schematic of a solar tracker and mount based on a pair of CdS photo cells.
	parabola1.1 * "mscir@yahoo.com" <mscir@yahoo.com> Another parabolic CAD drawing program * Download parabola1.1 here including the Visual Basic 6 source code.
	chace * Jeremiah Chace's web page. * Jeremiah has a shareware program to plot parabolas. troughs8.exe Click on this line to download the program. * "Jeremiah Chace"  <jeremiahchace@wildblue.net>
	sunflower * Doug Wood * "Sunflower" <fox@harbornet.com> Doug makes very interesting low cost parabolic dishes. They are based on long strips of glass mounted on a truss frame. * Solar Energy Return on Investment. * Square dish solar concentrator designed for high intensity concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) space cells.
	teton * Teton Engineering Inc. A Tracking Solar Concentratorfor for the home experimenter. This concentrator, based on 1 square foot mirror tiles, is the first solar system I studied. It was, I think, the one presented in Mother Earth News many years ago.
	ra * Ra Energy FDN The Solar Hydrogen Economy is the Gandhi strategy, the missing part to civilization's greater puzzle and the key to the elusive paradigm shift. Raleigh Myers <ramyers@igc.org> describes an interesting off axis parabolic trough constructed from concrete.
	warrior * The Energy Warrior
	nielsen mylar * Nielsen Enterprises <http://www.mirrorsheeting.com/> 3019 S. 256th St. Kent, WA. 98032 (253) 941-7281 They sell good quality reflective aluminized mylar in a variety of sizes.
	sohara * Sohara. Directable Mirrors - A Better Way To Focus The Sun.
	beaty * William Beaty Infinitely large solar furnace.
	event * Event Horizons. * Ken Kolbly is working on heliostats.
	nick * Nick Pine is expert at solar thermal calculations. * Nick designs Solar Closets and Sunspaces and has an extensive FAQ. * He has a program to kerf cut wooden ribs for parabolic troughs. kerf.bas Click on this line to download the program. * "Nick Pine" <nick@acadia.ee.vill.edu>
	air * Jim Brown's main page. * Air transfer solar collector on Jim's house.
	cooker * Solar cookers.
	steveharris * SUNSHINE TO DOLLARS By Steven Harris * Reel time temperature measurements of his solar oven.
	spiral * Spiral Concentrators by Steenblik
	sunspot * SunSpot Making good use of the Sun. Fresnel Solar Cooker Design by Ed Norman
	cleardom * ClearDome Solar cooking reflectors.
	mealy * Webb Mealy's Solar Cooker Webb has several nice videos of his project. * An Excel spreadsheet to set mirror angles. WebbMealy1.xls
	newton * C. Christopher Newton This is a beautiful example of a Solar Dish Steam Turbine Electric Generator. This was his masters thesis project. Attached is a copy of his thesis paper which is on a concentrated solar thermal steam system. In the appendices of the paper, you will find the diagrams for the steam turbine. With the proper amount of steam supplied, the turbine is capable of 5 hp.
	suntenna * Suntenna Solar Mosaic Basics Fresnel Concentrators by Jim Mallos
	practical * Practical Solar, Inc. They have developed a new, proprietary concentrating solar power system (CSP system) to harness energy from the sun: a small-scale heliostat system that can direct up to 300 square meters of sunlight onto a single square meter. This concentrated solar energy can be used to produce heat, light and power for a virtually unlimited number of applications, at only a fraction of the cost of other solar technologies.
	heliotrack * Helio Track Solar Heliostat: A device capable of reflecting sunshine to a stationary target throughout the day. This is an example of a "receiver axis" heliostat.
	gerst * Leo Gerst's Heliostats. This is an example of an "in line" solat tracker driving a "T Pole" heliostat.
	rossen * Erik Rossen's Mini-Heliostat page. (Erik has extensive bookmarks to many subjects.)
	domestat * Inflaitable Heliostat by Gary Reysa
	ostergren * The Heliostat Team Dr. Warren Ostergren * An interesting heliostat with a gimbol mount, moved by weight shifting.
	zomeworks * Zomeworks Pasive Energy Products and Heliostats. A leader in the development and manufacture of passive energy products since 1969. * Universal Track Rack™. * A paper written by Steve Baer. Heliostats--Sameshine vs Sunshine
	woodmill * Otherpower The Cutting Edge of Low Technology * All Wooden Wind Generator * Experiments * Wonder Magnet
	elcheapo * El Cheapo Passive Solar Tracker. (Propane mass transfer activated). Simillar to Zomeworks.
	poulek * Traxle Poulek Solar Polar mount with tracker.
	wattsun * Wattsun Solar Trackers Wattsun Trackers provide you with more solar power for less money. Your power is harvested in a smooth dawn to dusk flow. Wattsun Trackers maximize your investment in solar power. * And a bunch of solar data including Excel Spreadsheets. * Excel spreadsheet to graphicly show the shadowing effects of multiple tracked panels. This one is for 40 degrees of latitude.
	smallpow * Small Power Systems Trackstar Small Power Systems is a company in search of answers to the world's energy and environmental Problems. <George@smallpowersystems.com>
	thermed * Thermal Energy Direct Designers and Manufactures of Advanced Solar Systems. They make solar trackers
	windsun * Wind & Sun by Warren Lauzon.
	stracker * Sun Tracking These guys seem to have disappeared.
	sunlink * Sun-Link Tracker
	fusionseeker * Fusion Seeker Solar Tracker Controllers. These are "single axis" and "dual axis" FUSIONSEEKER solar trackers. They can be used in all applications that need solar tracking (solar panel trackers, water heating solar collectors, any sort of solar concentrators, daylighting systems, etc). Made in Slovenia.
	solarsundial * Solar Sundial Tracker The Solar Sundial Tracker is an easy way to get more power out of your solar panels. <info@solarsundial.com> These guys seem to have disappeared.
	tag * The Analog Guy Solar Trackers: ST2-48V5A SINGLE & DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER 56V 5A MAX ST2-12V DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER 18V 0.5A MAX <info@theanalogguy.com>  You Tube of one of his customers. One of my competiters.
	campatracka * CampaTracka Dave Harvey makes solar trackers loosly based on my LED5 low power solar trackers. He uses mechanical relays to increase output current to 3 amps. <dave@campatracka.com> One of my competiters.
	mtm * MTM Scientific, Inc Solar tracker kit. He uses mechanical relays to increase output current to 3 amps. One of my competiters.
	solener * SOLENER TRACKING SYSTEMS One and two axis tracking systems which are now entering the stage of commercialisation. Grid-connected system incorporating two-axis tracking systems and high wind-speed protection.
	envirotech * Envirotech's SSI-200W Grid-Tied Inverter SSI, Smart Sine-wave Inverter. Rated at 200W. However, it is not UL approved yet. $289us This inverter connects between a PV panel, or other power source, and the 120V 60Hz grid. It operates the PV panel at the MPPT, Max Power Point Tracking, mode to get the most energy transfer per day.
	jade * Jade Mountain Appropriate Technology For Sustainable Living Over 6000 Products Professional Experience Since 1972.
	natural * Natural Energy Systems, Inc. Solar PV and Wind in White Bear Lake, MN. (We live in the same town.)
	homepower * Home Power Magazine
	ata * Renew Magazine
	me3 * Minnesotans for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ME3).
	nesea * NESEA Northeast Renewable Energy Association aims to strengthen the economy and improve the environment by bringing clean electricity, green transportation, and healthy, efficient buildings into everyday use.
	webring * The Renewable Energy Webring.
	mrea * Midwest Renewable Energy Association Their Mission: The Midwest Renewable Energy Association is a nonprofit network for sharing ideas, resources, and information with individuals, businesses, and communities to promote a sustainable future through renewable energy and energy efficiency.
	ases * American Solar Energy Society is a national organization dedicated to advancing the use of solar energy for the benefit of U.S. citizens and the global environment.
	arizona * Arizona Solar Center Your source for information on solar energy in Arizona.
	dsire * State Programs and Regulatory Policies Table.
	energyplus * EnergyPlus EnergyPlus is a new building energy simulation program for modeling building heating, cooling, lighting, ventilating, and other energy flows.
	nrel * NREL * National Renewable Energy Laboratory * Solar Radiation Data Manual for Flat Plate and Concentrating Collectors. * HOMER The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables.
	nasa * NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Data Set (release 3)
	retscreen * Canadian based solar data.
	langley * Surface Solar Energy Data Set Monthly Averaged Regional Data. This is a monthly solar energy data set for the whole earth. They have a lot of data about sizing and orientation for solar systems.
	meteonorm * Meteonorm Global Meteorological Database for Solar Energy and Applied Meteorology. They sell a CD of world meteorological data with hourly resolution.
	psi * PSI Paul Scherrer Institute.
	rredc * RReDC Welcome to the Renewable Resource Data Center.
	saic * SAIC * Solar Power Technologies * Stretched Membrane Heliostats.
	cracked * THE HAZARDS OF SOLAR ENERGY by Donald E. Simanek A very humorous treatise.
	crest * CREST Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology. Note, Crest has had some problems migrating to a new URL address. If dificulties are encountered make sure the link starts with "http://sol.crest.org/...." instead of "http://solstice.crest.org/....".
	greenpeace * Greenpeace I don't agree with much of what Greenpeace stands for. However, they have commissioned a study of PV manufacturing plants for the future. This study has been well received. This report proposes constructing large PV manufacturing plants to compete evenly with conventional fossil fuel power plants. * Solar Energy: from perennial promise to comprehensive alternative. It's a 63 page document in Adobe .pdf format.
	weizmann * Weizmann Institute Concentrated Sunlight Consortium.
	pix * PIC The Photographic Information eXchange.
	midway * Midway Labs Inc. * Concentrating photovoltaic concentrators. * This is the most efficient and cost effective commercially available concentrating PV that I know of. Unfortunately they may have gone out of business.
	scicenter * Solar Electric Solutions Energy Efficiency specializes in designing and installing photovoltaic (PV) solar energy solutions, small or large, freestanding, or interconnected with the power grid. * Midway Labs A solar Fresnel concentrator.
	solarfocus * Solar-Focus
	dnp * DNP Group Manufacturers of large Fresnel lenses in Denmark.
	egis * EGIS SOLAR TRACKER Intelligent Sun Tracking Heliostat Systems and heliostat solar illumination. (One of my competitors.)
	trak * Solar Trak Timothy M. Leonard, President Enhancement Electronics, Inc. Dual-Axis, Open Loop Sun Tracking Controller. We do Mirrors but not Windows. (One of my competitors.)
	solceram * Four Solaire De Mont-louis Solar ceramic furnace.
	acro * Acro Solar Lasers Solar dishes and trackers.
	solcom * Solcomhouse The solcomhouse website will also provide information to everyone on how to do your part to save the planet. The Goals of solcomhouse are to provide the people of the world housing that is in sync and in harmony with the environment.
	bomin * Bomin Sun Lighting Systems Dual-Axis Sun Tracking Controller. (One of my competitors.)
	international * International Solar Collectors, Inc. Parabolic trough collectors.
	suntherm * SunTherm Energy Systems, Inc. They have a Solar Steam Electric Generator. These guys seem to have disappeared.
	sunfocus * Photovoltaics International Makers of single axis tracking linear photovoltaic concentrators. These guys seem to have disappeared.
	hion * H-Ion Solar Inc. Specializing in Hydrogen and Oxygen technology for sustainable energy systems.
	ecomall * Ecomall A Place to Help Save the Earth.
	solartech * Solartech 2 mirror type heliostat lighting systems.
	barr * Jim Barr Exploring ways to use renewable energy at a domestic scale and how to build and use small scale windpumps.
	hyperphysics * HyperPhysics Hosted by the Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University.
	bizarre * BIZARRE STUFF Bizarre stuff you can make in your kitchen.
	funsci * Fun Science Gallery a collection of scientific instruments and experiments.
	elab * Welcome to Electronics Lab!. Here you can find useful circuits with full description, diagrams and PCB, electronics articles, links and downloads.
	popsci * Popular Science The official Web site of Popular Science Magazine.
	junksci * Junk Science Home Page "All the Junk That's Fit to Debunk."
	free * The Free Energy Archive Skeptical investigation of free energy concepts. Fun site.
	pico * PicoTurbine They provide plans, books, and kits for renewable energy education and homebrew projects. Projects are available for fifth grade through adult. * Subscribe to the Renewable Energy Newsletter.
	scimedia * Science Hypermedia, Inc. Developing educational courseware for general chemistry, analytical chemistry, instrumental analysis, optics, and electronics.
	calculators * Martindale's The Reference Desk All the online calculators you could ever need. * Calculators.org Online Conversions and Constants.
	visible * A Guided Tour of the Visible Human The Visible Human Project has generated over 18000 digitized sections of the body. The animations and images in this tour use a few of these images to demonstrate planes of section and other introductory concepts in anatomy.
	wiens * Ben Wiens Energy Science Cyber-pages.
	williamson * Williamson Labs Look no further. You'll find it at Williamson Labs! Learn Electronics for FUN and Profit, Painless Tutorials on Electronics, from the Basics Electronics to Electrical Engineering.
	scitoys * Science Toys Make toys at home with common household materials, often in only a few minutes, that demonstrate fascinating scientific principles.
	bp * The British Petrolium Statistical Review Has established itself as a leading source of objective information on both supply and demand in the energy industry.
	shell * Shell There are a lot of answers here.
pvcells	solacell * The solar cell co. They carry; New, full, and broken solar cells, Thin films and small solar panels.
	sunpower * Sun Power Corp. Putting Light to Work SunPower is the premier manufacturer of ultra high-efficiency silicon solar cells. SunPower's current solar cell products include the world's highest efficiency concentrator solar cells, which are designed to work with a lens or mirror that concentrates the sunlight many fold.
	goldmine * Electronic Goldmine They have small PV panels and bare cells.
	plastecs * Plastecs Plastecs Company manufactures small Solar Panels as well as providing Crystalline Photovoltaic Solar Cells, cut to size in small or large quantities.
	solatron * Solatron Technologies These are new high efficiency monocrystalline solar cells that were purchased from Tecstar Inc., a Southern California based manufacturer of solar cells for use in space based technology such as satellites and the international space station.
	cellsico * cellsico,inc. manufacturer solar cells,equipment for production solar photovoltaic panels,single crystal ingots,wafers for semiconductor and solar photovoltaic,vacuum coating equipment,component.
	komp * Practical Photovoltaics by Richard J. Komp, Ph.D. This book describes how to make solar PV concentrators to produce electricity and hot water. The concentrator is based on CPCs, Compound Parabolic Concentrators, by Dr. Roland Winston.
	pjhurley * Build Your Own Solar Panel by Phillip J. Hurley an Ebook author. All the information you need to build your own photovoltaic panel to generate electricity from the sun.
	staber * Staber System 2000 The most efficient commercial-quality washing machine on the market.
	rmi * Rocky Mountain Institute A nonprofit research and educational foundation with a vision across boundaries. Its mission is to foster the efficient and sustainable use of resources as a path to global security.
	energyplanet * Energy Planet A visual and interactive web directory of information resources about renewable energy technology.
	sewage * Compost Toilet & Greywater Recycling Systems Manual.

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Heliostat Array Project.
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